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West Virginia
wv.gov
West Virginia (/ vrdnj WST / (helpinfo)) is a state in the Appalachian and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States bordered by Virginia to the southeast, southwest Kentucky, Ohio to the northwest, and northeast Pennsylvania and Maryland. The capital and largest city is Charleston.
West Virginia became a State because of the Wheeling Conventions, breaking away from Virginia during the Civil War. The new state was admitted to the Union 20 June 1863, and was a key Civil War border state. West Virginia was the only state to secede from a confederate state, and was one of only two states formed American Civil War (the other is Nevada, which separated from Utah Territory).
The Census Bureau considers West Virginia part of the South, as most the state is south of the Mason-Dixon line. The northern panhandle extending into Pennsylvania and Ohio along with the cities of West Virginia in Wheeling and Weirton is just another side of the border of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, while Bluefield is less than 70 miles of North Carolina and Harper's Ferry is considered as one of the area Metropolitan Washington. The unique position of West Virginia means that often includes a variety of geographic regions, including Southern Highlands, southeastern United States to northeastern United States. In particular, it is the only state that lies entirely within the area served by the Regional Commission Appalachian, which is a common definition of "Appalachia."
The state is known for its mountains and diverse topography, its historical logging significant and mining industries of coal, and its political and labor history. It is one of the most densely karst in the world, becoming in a recreation area for caving options and scientific research. The karst land contribute to most of the state of fresh trout waters. It is also known by a wide range of opportunities for outdoor recreation, including skiing, rafting, fishing, hiking, mountain biking and hunting.
Content
1 Geography and environment
1.1 Climate
2 History
2.1 Prehistory
2.2 European exploration and settlement
2.3 Trans-Allegheny Virginia
2.4 Separation of Virginia
2.5 hidden resources
3 Demographics
Religion 3.1
4 Economy
5 Transport
6 Law and government
6.1 Legislative Branch
6.2 Executive Branch
6.3 Judiciary
6.4 Policy
Seven State capitals
8 Important cities and towns
8.1 The big cities
8.2 Towns and small cities
8.3 Metropolitan Statistical Areas
8.4 Micropolitan Statistical Areas
9 Education
9.1 Colleges and universities
10 Awards
11 Culture
11.1 Music
11.1.1 Appalachian music
11.1.2 Classical music
11.1.3 Innovation musical
11.2 Sports
11.3 In popular culture
12 See also
13 References
14 Further reading
15 External links
/ /
Geography and environment
Shaded relief map of Cumberland Plateau and the Appalachian Ridge-and-valley.
The summit of Spruce Knob is often covered in clouds.
Main article: Geography of West Virginia
See also: List of counties in West Virginia and West Virginia List of county seats
West Virginia is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north, to Ohio, north and west, by Kentucky to the west, through Maryland to the north and east, and by Virginia to the east and the south. Ohio and Potomac Rivers are part of the border.
West Virginia is located entirely within the range of the Appalachian Mountains and all areas are mountainous, for this reason it is nicknamed The Mountain State also is in part so their motto is "mountaineers are always free." About 75% of the state is within the Cumberland Plateau and Allegheny Plateau regions. Although the relief is not high, the plateau region is extremely rugged in most areas. The West Virginia average elevation is about 1,500 feet (460 m) above sea level, which is the highest of any U.S. state east of the Mississippi River.
In the eastern state line of Virginia, high peaks in the Monongahela National Forest region give rise to an island of colder climate and ecosystems similar to those northern New England and eastern Canada. The highest point in the state is the top of Spruce Knob, at 4863 feet (1,482 m) is covered in a boreal spruce forest dense trees at altitudes above 4,000 feet (1,200 m). Spruce Knob lies within the Monongahela National Forest and is a part of the Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Area Recreation. A total of six wilderness areas can also be found within the forest. Outside forests to the south, the New River Gorge is one of 1,000 feet (300 m) deep canyon carved by the Rio Nuevo. The National Park Service manages a portion of the creek and river that has been designated as the New River Gorge National River, one of 15 rivers in the U.S. with this level of protection.
Other areas under protection and management:
Appalachian National Scenic trail
Bluestone National Scenic River
Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, National Historical Park
Area Gauley River National Recreation
George Washington National Forest
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge
Map of counties in West Virginia
The native vegetation of most of the state was originally mixed hardwood forest of oak, chestnut, maple, beech, and white pine, with willow and American sycamore along the state's waterways. Many of the areas rich in biodiversity and scenic beauty, a fact that is appreciated by West Virginia native, who refer to their home as Almost Heaven (from the song "Take Me Home, Country Roads") although hardly John Denver resembles the geography of West Virginia. Before the song was called "The State Cog" (Coal, Oil and Gas) or "The Mountain State." Ecologically, most of West Virginia forests are divided into mixed mesophytic Appalachian ecoregion.
The underlying rock strata are of sandstone, slate, bituminous coal beds, and limestone set in a near shore environment of sediment from the mountains to the east in a shallow inland sea in the west. Some beds illustrate a coastal swamp environment, some river delta, some shallow water. Sea level rose and fell many times during the Mississippi and times of Pennsylvania, giving a variety of rock strata. The Appalachian Mountains are some of the oldest on earth, having formed 300 million years ago.
Climate
More information: Climate change in West Virginia
West Virginia's climate is a humid subtropical climate (Koppen climate classification Cfa) in some of the lower elevations, primarily in the southwestern portion of the state (including Huntington and Charleston), along with parts of the Panhandle East to the east of the Appalachians with hot, humid summers and milder winters. The rest of the state generally has a humid continental climate (climate classification Köppen Dfa, except Dfb in the higher elevations) with warm to hot, humid summers and cool to cold winters, the increase in severity with elevation. Some southern highlands also have a mountain temperate climate (Koppen CFB) where winter temperatures are more moderate summer temperatures are more fresh. However, the weather is subject in all parts of the state to change. The resistance areas ranging from 5b area in the center of the Appalachian Mountains in area 7a the warmer parts lower elevations. In the Eastern Panhandle and the Ohio River Valley temperatures are warm enough to see and subtropical plants grow as Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), Crepe Myrtle, Albizia julibrissin, American Sweetgum and even the occasional needle palm and sabal minor. These plants do not thrive well as in other parts of the state. Eastern prickly pear grows well in many parts of the state.
The average January temperature ranges from about 26F (-4C), near the river Cheat to 41F (5C) along sections of the border with Kentucky. July averages range from 67F (19C) along the North Branch Potomac River at 76F (24C) in the western part the state. It is cooler in the mountains than in the lower sections of the state.
Annual precipitation ranges from less than 32 inches (81 cm) at the bottom east to 56 inches (140 cm) in the upper parts of the Allegheny Front. Slightly more than half of the rainfall occurs between April and September. dense fog are common in many valleys of the Kanawha section, especially in the Tygart Valley. West Virginia is also one of the cloudier states in the nation, with cities Elkins and Beckley ninth rank. and 10th. in the U.S., respectively, for the number of cloudy days per year (over 210). In addition to persistent cloudy skies caused by the damming of moisture by the Allegheny, West Virginia is also experiencing some of the more frequent rainfall in the nation, with snowshoes average of almost 200 days a year either with rain or snow. Snow usually lasts only a few days in the lower sections but may persist for weeks in areas of highest mountain. An average of 34 inches (86 cm) of snow falls annually in Charleston, although during the winter of 19,951,996 more than three times that number dropped as various cities in the state set new records for snowfall. snowfall in the Allegheny Mountains can be up to 180 inches (460 cm) per year. Severe weather is somewhat less common in West Virginia than in most other eastern states, and is among the least tornado-prone states east of the Rockies.
High-normal temperatures and low for several cities in West Virginia
City
Jan
February
Damage
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Beckley
39/22
43/25
52/32
62/41
71/49
77/57
80/61
79/60
73/54
63/42
52/34
43/26
Charleston
43/24
47/27
57/34
67/42
75/50
82/58
85/63
84/62
77/55
67/43
56/35
47/28
Elkins
39/18
44/20
53/27
63/35
72/44
78/53
82/58
80/57
74/50
64/37
53/29
44/22
Huntington
41/24
46/28
56/36
67/44
75/53
82/61
85/65
84/64
77/57
66/45
55/37
45/29
History
Main article: History of West Virginia
The area was a favorite hunting ground of numerous Native American peoples before the arrival of settlers Europeans. Many ancient mounds of man-made mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney. Although little is known about these peoples, the artifacts uncovered in these give evidence of a complex, stratified culture that practiced metallurgy.
In the story recent area currently occupied by West Virginia was contested territory, primarily Pennsylvania and Virginia. Some speculative land companies, and the Company of Vandalia, and later the Society of Ohio and Indiana company, tried to legitimize their claims to land in parts of West Virginia and Kentucky, but failed. With the settlement of the dispute Pennsylvania and Virginia, and that results in the creation of Kentucky, Kentucky "were satisfied [...], and the inhabitants a large part of West Virginia were grateful. "
The estate was originally part of the British colony of Virginia (1607-1776) and the western part of Virginia (1776-1863), whose population became sharply divided over the issue of secession from the Union and the separation of Virginia, concluded for admission to the Union as a new state in 1863.
West Virginia's history has been profoundly affected by its mountainous terrain, numerous river valleys and extensive, and rich natural resources. These were all factors that drive its economy and lifestyle of residents, and remain so today.
Prehistory
For more details on this topic, see Prehistoric West Virginia.
In a summary of Dr. Robert F. quote Maslowski, "The Adena Indians used pipes for ceremonies. They were carved in stone and they were exceptional works of art. Pipes and snuff consumption became more common during the last period of prehistory. Were made of clay and often rather plain. "Nothing is known about Paleo-Indian homes and archaic in the Kanawha Valley, but the archaeologists found evidence Woodland and houses of the old fortress. "" Indians lived in huts made of woods … Forest Indians grew sunflowers, pumpkins, squash and various seeds as lambsquarter, may grass, barley sumpweed, smartweed and little. " Fort Ancient Indians lived in houses far larger square or rectangular … Old fort Indians can be considered true farmers. They cultivated large fields around their villages. It has not grown as a seed variety but concentrated on the cultivation of maize, beans, sunflower, pumpkins, and many types of squash and pumpkin. They also grew domestic turkeys and keep dogs as pets. "
exploration European and the solution
More information: Vandalia (colony) and Westsylvania
Thomas Lee, the first manager of the Ohio Company of Virginia.
In 1671, General Abraham Wood, under the direction of Royal Governor William Berkeley of the Virginia Colony, sent a party which discovered Kanawha Falls. In 1716, Gov. Alexander Spotswood with about thirty horsemen raided what is now Pendleton County. John Van Metre, an Indian trader, penetrated into the northern part in 1725. The same year, German settlers from Pennsylvania founded New Mecklenburg, the present Shepherdstown on the Potomac River, and others followed.
King Charles II of England, in 1661, awarded to a company of gentlemen of the land between the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, known as the Northern Neck. The grant finally arrived at the hands of Thomas Fairfax, sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron, and in 1746 a stone was erected at the source of the North Branch Potomac River to mark the western boundary of the grant. A considerable part of this land was surveyed by George Washington between 1748 and 1751. The diary written by the inspector indicates that there are already many squatters, largely of German origin, along the South Branch Potomac River. Christopher Gist, a surveyor in the service of the first Ohio Company, which was composed chiefly of Virginians, explored the country along the Ohio River north of the mouth of the Kanawha River between 1751 and 1752. The company sought to have established a fourteenth colony with the name "Vandalia." Many settlers crossed the mountains from 1750, but were hampered by the indigenous resistance. Few Native Americans inhabited permanently within the present boundaries of the state, but the region was a common hunting ground, crossed by many trails. During the French and Indian War the British dispersed settlements were almost destroyed.
In 1774, the Governor of the Crown of Virginia, John Murray, fourth Earl of Dunmore, led a force over the mountains, and a body militia under Colonel Andrew Lewis then treated the Shawnee Indians, under Hokoleskwa (or "Cornstalk"), a severe blow during the Battle of Point Pleasant, in the crossing the Kanawha and Ohio rivers. Native American attacks continued until after the American Revolutionary War. During the war, settlers in western Virginia, were generally active Whigs and many served in the Continental Army, however Rebellion 17801781 Claypool of where a group of men refused to pay colonial taxes war-weariness showed in West Virginia.
Trans-Allegheny Virginia
For more details on this topic, see Virginia.
Social conditions in western Virginia were entirely different from the eastern part of the state. The population is not homogeneous, since a significant portion of immigration came through Pennsylvania and included Germans, Protestant Ulster-Scots, and settlers from states further north. The counties in the east and south were settled mostly by residents of Virginia East. During the American Revolution, the movement to create a state beyond the Alleghanies was revived and a petition for the establishment of "Westsylvania" was presented to Congress on the basis that the mountains made an almost impenetrable barrier in the east. The rugged nature of the country made slavery unprofitable, and time only increased the social, political, economic and cultural (See Tuckahoe-consistency) between the two sections of Virginia.
The convention which met in 1829 to form a new constitution for Virginia, against the protest of the counties beyond the mountains requires a title for suffrage and slavery gave counties the benefit of three-fifths of its population of slaves in the distribution of state representation in the U.S. House of Representatives. As a result, every county beyond the Alleghenies except one voted against the Constitution, which, however, through support from the east.
The Virginia Convention 185 051 Constitutional, Reform Convention, addressed a number of issues important to West Virginia. The vote was extended to all white men 21 years age. The governor, lieutenant governor, the judiciary, sheriffs and other county officials should be elected by open vote. The composition General Assembly amended, the representation in the House of Delegates will be distributed on the white base of the censuses of 1850, but the Senate was set arbitrarily, west to receive twenty, thirty and east, the Senators. This was acceptable to the west by a provision that requires General Assembly to redistribute the representation white base in 1865, or the issue to a public referendum. But this also gave himself a tax advantage by requiring a property tax to its true value and real, except the slaves. Slaves under 12 years do not pay taxes, and the older slaves taxed at only $ 300, a fraction of its value real. Small farmers, however, had all their property, animals and the land, taxed at full value. Despite the tax and the lack of internal improvements in the west, the vote was 75,748 for and 11,063 against the new constitution, most recent is the eastern counties, which did not like commitments made by the west.
Separation of Virginia
See also: West Virginia American Civil War
Francis H. Pierpont, a leader during the Second Wheeling Convention
On October 24, 1861, voters in 41 counties voted overwhelmingly to form a new state, turnout was 34%. The name was later changed to West Virginia Kanawha.
West Virginia is the only state in the Union to secede from a confederate state, Virginia, during American Civil War. In Richmond on April 17, 1861, the 49 delegates of the future state of West Virginia voted 17 in favor of the ordinance of secession, 30 against and 2 abstentions. Almost immediately after the vote to proceed to secede from the Union prevailed in the Virginia General Assembly, a mass meeting at Clarksburg recommended each county in northwestern Virginia send delegates to a convention to meet in Wheeling on May 13, 1861. When this First Wheeling Convention met, 425 delegates 25 counties were present, although more than one third of the delegates were from the northern Panhandle, but soon there was a division of sentiment. Some delegates favored the immediate formation of a new state, while others argued that, as Virginia's secession had not yet been approved by referendum required, such action would constitute a revolution against the United States. It was decided that if the ordinance was adopted (of which there was little doubt), another convention, including elected members of the legislature to meet in Wheeling in June. In the elections on May 23, 1861, secession was ratified by a large majority in the State as a whole, but in the western counties 34 677 19 121 voted against and voted for the Ordinance.
The Second Wheeling Convention met as agreed in June 1911 and stated that, since the Secession Convention had been called without the consent of the people, all his acts were invalid, and that all who joined it had left their offices. The Wheeling Conventions, and delegates themselves were never actually elected by public vote to act on behalf of West Virginia. A law for the reorganization of government was adopted on 19 June. The next day Francis H. Pierpont was chosen by other delegates at the convention to be governor Virginia, other officers were elected and the convention adjourned. The legislature was composed of 103 members, 33 of whom had been elected to the General Assembly Virginia on 23 May. This number includes some hold-over Senators from 1859, and as such had vacated their offices to convene in Wheeling. The other members "Were chosen even more irregular in ome mass meetings, others by the county commission, and others were apparently self-appointed" This assembly met the irregular and Unionists June 20 appointed to the rest of the state offices, organized a rival state government and elected two U.S. senators who were recognized immediately by the federal government in Washington, DC Therefore, there were two governments in the states of Virginia, one pledging allegiance to the United States and the Confederacy.
The Wheeling Convention, which had taken a recess until 06 August, reassemble the August 20 and called for a popular vote in the formation of a new state and for a convention to develop a constitution if the vote should be favorable. In the October 24, 1861 elections, 18,408 votes were cast for the new state and against only 781. Honesty of these election results have been questioned, since the Union army then occupied the area and the Union troops were stationed in many of the polls to prevent Confederate sympathizers from voting. The majority of affirmative votes came from 16 counties across the Northern Panhandle. More than 50,000 votes had been issued in the Ordinance of Secession, but the vote on statehood gathered little over 19,000.
Statehood vote of October 24, 1861
In Ohio County, the Home of Wheeling, only about a quarter of registered voters cast their ballots. At the Constitutional Convention in November 1861, Mr. Lamb of Ohio County of Mr. Carskadon said that in Hampshire County, a total of 195 votes only 39 were cast by citizens of the state, and the rest were cast illegally by soldiers Union. In most of what would become West Virginia, there was no vote at all, two thirds of the territory of West Virginia had voted for the secession and county were still loyal to Richmond. Valid votes of the counties in favor of secession were issued mostly by refugees in other parts of the Unionist of these counties. The convention began on November 26, 1861, and completed its work on February 18, 1862, the instrument was ratified (18 162 for and 514 against) the April 11, 1862.
Harpers Ferry (as it appears today) changed hands a dozen times during the U.S. Civil War and was presented by West Virginia.
On May 13 the state legislature reorganized government approved the formation of the new state. The application for admission to the Union was made to Congress, December 31 1862, an enabling law was approved by Pres Abraham Lincoln admitting West Virginia, on the condition that a provision for the gradual abolition of slavery be included in its constitution. Although many thought that the admission of West Virginia as a state is both illegal and unconstitutional, Lincoln delivered its opinion on the admission of West Virginia concluded that "the body that consents to the admission of West Virginia, the Virginia legislature, and that its admission was by So both constitutional and appropriate. The convention reconvened on February 12, 1863, and the demand was satisfied. The revised constitution was adopted on 26 March 1863 and April 20, 1863, Pres Lincoln issued a proclamation admitting the state at the end of 60 days (June 20, 1863). Meanwhile, officers for the new state were chosen and Governor Pierpont moved his capital to the Union occupied Alexandria, where he asserted jurisdiction over all counties in Virginia within the lines federal.
The question of the constitutionality of the formation of the new State has been lodged with the Supreme Court of the United States as follows: Berkeley and Jefferson lying east of the mountains Potomac, in 1863, with the consent of the reorganized government of Virginia voted in favor of annexation to West Virginia. Many voters the strongly pro-secession counties were absent in the Confederate Army in the vote and refused to acknowledge the transfer upon their return. The Virginia General Assembly repealed the act of secession and in 1866 filed suit against West Virginia, asking the court to declare the counties of Virginia a party admission is West Virginia has declared as unconstitutional a state. Meanwhile, the March 10, 1866, Congress passed a joint resolution recognizing the transfer. The Court Supremo, in 1870, ruled in favor of West Virginia.
During the Civil War, West Virginia suffered comparatively little. the forces of George B. McClellan 'S gained possession of most of the territory in the summer of 1861, culminating in the Battle of Cerro Rico, and Union control was never again seriously threatened, despite the attempt by Robert E. Lee in the same year. In 1863, General John D. Imboden, with 5,000 Confederates, overran a considerable part of the state. Bands of guerrillas burned and plundered in some sections, and is not completely suppressed until after the war ended. Eastern Panhandle counties were most affected by war, military control of the area changed hands several times.
The area that became West Virginia actually provided approximately equal numbers of soldiers to the Federal and Confederate armies, approximately 22,00025,000 each. The Wheeling government found it necessary in 1865 to strip voting rights Confederates back to maintain control. James Ferguson, who proposed the bill, said that if enacted would lose the election by 500 votes. Ownership of Confederates could also be confiscated, and in 1866 a constitutional amendment to deprive all those who had given aid and comfort to the Confederacy was adopted. The addition of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution caused a reaction. The Democratic Party secured control in 1870 and in 1871, the constitutional amendment of 1866 was repealed. The first steps toward this change had been taken, however, by Republicans in 1870. On August 22, 1872, a constitution brand new was taken.
From the reconstruction, and for several decades later, the two battleground states share the new state of the debts of the pre-war Virginia government, which had been mostly made to finance public infrastructure improvements, such as canals, roads and railways in the framework of the Council Virginia Public Works. Virginia, led by former Confederate General William Mahone, formed a political coalition based on this, the Party readjust. Although West Virginia's first constitution provided for the assumption of part of the Virginia debt, negotiations opened by Virginia in 1870 were unsuccessful, and in 1871, Virginia funded two thirds of the debt and arbitrarily assigned the remainder to West Virginia. The issue was finally resolved in 1915 when the Supreme Court of the United States Virginia ruled that West Virginia was $ 12,393,929.50. The latest installment of this sum was paid in 1939.
Hidden resources
After Reconstruction, new 35th state benefited from the development of its mineral resources more than any other economic activity.
saltpeter caves had been used along the Appalachian for ammunition, the border between Virginia and West Virginia including the nitrates "Trail", a series of limestone caves that contain rich deposits of nitrate calcium were supplied and sold to the government. The trail stretched from Pendleton County to the western terminus of the route in the town of Union, Monroe County. Almost half of these caves are on the west side of Virginia, including organs and the Cave Cave Haynes. In the late 18th century, miners found nitrate in Haynes Cave Bones of large animals in the tanks. These were sent by a local historian and frontier soldier Colonel John Stuart to Thomas Jefferson. The bones were named jeffersonii Megalonyx or large claw and became known as three-toed sloth of Jefferson. Was declared the official state fossil of West Virginia in 2008. The official state rock in West Virginia is bituminous coal, and the official state gemstone is silicified fossil corals Lithostrotionella Mississippi.
The limestone there is also a sector utility of the quarries, usually small, and softer, high calcium seams burned to produce industrial lime. This lime was used for agricultural purposes and construction for many years a specific part of the C & O Railroad carried limestone for Clifton Forge, Virginia as an industrial flow.
Extraction Salt has been running since the 18th century, although he had played largely by the time of the American Civil War, when the red salt Kanawha County was a valuable asset of first of the Confederacy, and later Union forces. Later the paper, more sophisticated mining methods would restore West Virginia as a major salt producer.
However, in the second half of the 19th century, had an even greater treasure not yet developed, bituminous coal. Would much more fuel the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. and fumes of many of the navies of the world.
The residents (both Native Americans and early settlers Europeans) had long known of the underlying coal, and could be used for heating and fuel. However, for a long time, very small "Personal" mines were the only practical development. After the war, with the new railroads came a practical method of transporting large quantities of coal to U.S. expansion and export markets. As the anthracite mines of northwestern New Jersey and Pennsylvania began to play out during this same period, investors and entrepreneurs focused new interest in West Virginia. Geologists like Dr. David T. Ansted surveyed potential coal fields and has invested in land and early mining projects.
The completion of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C & O) across the state to the new city Huntington on the Ohio River in 1872 opened up access to the New River Coal Field. Soon, the C & O was the construction of its coal pier in Newport News, Virginia the great port of Hampton Roads. In 1881, the new Philadelphia-based owners of the old Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (AM & O), which extended Southern Virginia by levels of Norfolk, had sights clearly on the Mountain State, where the owners had large land holdings. Its rail was renamed Norfolk and Western (N & W), and a new railroad city was developed in Roanoke to handle planned expansion. After its new president Frederick J. Kimball and a small group traveled on horseback and saw firsthand the rich bituminous coal seam, which his wife named "Pocahontas", the N & W redirected its planned westward expansion to reach it. Soon, the N & W was also shipping from new coal piers at Hampton Roads.
In 1889, in the southern part of the state, along the Norfolk and Western rail lines, the important coal center of Bluefield, West Virginia was founded. The "capital" of the Pocahontas coalfield, this city will remain the largest city in the southern part of the state for decades. It shares a sister city with the same name, Bluefield, Virginia.
In the northern part of the state and elsewhere, the oldest Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B & O) and other lines also expanded to take advantage of the opportunities for coal. The B & O developed coal pillars in Baltimore and at several points in the Great Lakes. Other important companies coal train were the Western Maryland Railway (WM), Southern Railway (SOU), and Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L & N).
In particular notable was a newcomer, the Virginia Railway (VGN). In 1900, only a large area of the most rugged terrain of southern West Virginia was any distance existing railway and mining activity. Within this area west of the New River Coalfield in Raleigh and Wyoming counties lay the reorganization of the Gulf Coalfield, later promoted as the "Coalfield billion."
A protg of Dr. Ansted was William Nelson Page (18541932), a civil engineer and manager of mining in Fayette County. The former governor of West Virginia, William A. MacCorkle described him as a man who knew the land "as a farmer knows a field. "Since 1898, Page joined European investors based in the north and take advantage of the undeveloped area. They acquired large tracts of land in the area, and Page began the railway in deep water, a short rail line that had been chartered to stretch between the C & O in line along the Kanawha River and the N & W at Matoaka, a distance of about 80 miles (130 km).
Although deep water plan should have provided a market shipping through the either the rail competition, the leaders of the two large railroads did not appreciate the plan. In secret collusion, each declined to negotiate preferential rates with the site, nor its offer to purchase the railroad, as were many other short lines. However, if the C & O and N & W presidents thought they could kill the project page, had to prove wrong. One of the silent partner investors Page had enlisted was millionaire Huttleston industrialist Henry Rogers, a principal in John D. Rockefeller 's Standard Oil Trust and a veteran in the development of natural resources, transportation. A teacher in the competition "War", Henry Rogers did not like to lose in their efforts and also has "deep pockets."
Instead of giving up, Page (And Rogers) quietly planned and built, then their tracks all the way east across Virginia, using Rogers' private fortune to finance the $ 40-million dollars. When the name of Virginia Railway (VGN) was completed in 1909, no fewer than three railroads were shipping volumes increased coal export Hampton Roads. West Virginia coal was also in high demand in the ports of the Great Lakes. The VGN and N & W ultimately became part the modern system of Norfolk Southern, and engineering VGN welfare issues of the 21st century continue to offer a favorable gradient to Hampton Roads.
As coal mining and work-related activities became major employment in the state, there was considerable labor refers to the struggles as working conditions, security and economic issues arose. Even in the 21st century, mining safety and environmental concerns are a challenge to the state, where coal continues to electric power generation plants in many other states.
Coal is not the only valuable mineral found in West Virginia because the state was the site 1928 discovery of 34.48 carats (6,896 g) Jones Diamond.
Demography
West Virginia population density map.
Historical populations
Census
Pop
%
1790
55 873
1800
78 592
40.7%
1810
105 469
34.2%
1820
136 808
29.7%
1830
176 924
29.3%
1840
224 537
26.9%
1850
302 313
34.6%
1860
376 688
24.6%
1870
442 014
17.3%
1880
618 457
39.9%
1890
762 794
23.3%
1900
958 800
25.7%
1910
1221119
27.4%
1920
1463701
19.9%
1930
1729205
18.1%
1940
1901974
10.0%
1950
2005552
5.4%
1960
1860421
7.2%
1970
1744237
6.2%
1980
1949644
11.8%
1990
1793477
8.0%
2000
1808344
0.8%
2009 est.
1819777
0.6%
The center of population of Virginia West is in Braxton County, in the town of Gassaway.
Since 2005, West Virginia has an estimated population of 1,816,856, representing an increase of 4308, 0.2% from the previous year and an increase in 8506, or 0.5% from 2000. This includes a natural decrease since the last census of 3296 people (ie 108 292 111 588 births minus deaths) and an increase in net migration of 14,209 people in the state. Immigration from outside the United States was in a net increase of 3691 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 10 518 people.
Only 1.1% of residents born in state abroad, placing West Virginia last among the 50 states in that statistic. It also has the lowest percentage of residents who speak a language other than English at home (2.7%).
The five largest ancestry groups in West Virginia are: American (23.2%), German (17.2%), Ireland (13.5%) English (12%), Italian (4.8%).
A large number of people of German descent are present in the northeastern counties of the state.
5.6% West Virginia's population were reported as under 5 years, 22.3% were under 18 years, and 15.3% were 65 years or more. Women constituted approximately 51.4% of the population.
There were 20 928 births in 2006. Of these, 19 757 (94.40% of births, 95.19% of the population) were to white non-Hispanics. There were 22 births for American Indians (0.11% of births and 0.54% of the population), 177 births to Asians (0.85% of births and 0.68% of the population), 219 Hispanic births (1.05% of births and 0.88% of the population) and 753 births to blacks and others (3.60% of births and 3.56% of the population).
The state of North Panhandle, and North-Central region feel an affinity for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Also, those in the Panhandle East feel a connection to the Washington, DC in suburban Maryland and Virginia, and southern West Virginia are often seen as Southerners. Finally, cities and farms along the Ohio River in mid-look a bit like the culture and the Midwest.
Demographics of West Virginia (csv)
By race
White
Black
IANA *
Asian
NHPI *
2000 (total population)
96.01%
3.49%
0.59%
0.66%
0.05%
2000 (Single Hispanic)
0.63%
0.04%
0.02%
0.01%
0.01%
2005 (total population)
95.99%
3.56%
0.56%
0.69%
0.05%
2005 (Unique Hispanic)
0.80%
0.04%
0.02%
0.01%
0.01%
Growth 200.005 (total population)
0.46%
2.49%
-3.96%
5.57%
-2.80%
Growth 200 005 (only non-Hispanic)
0.28%
2.30%
-4.24%
5.96%
-0.52%
Growth 200 005 (only Hispanic)
27.74%
21.51%
5.56%
-20.22%
-16.67%
* IANA is American Indian or Alaska Native, NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Religion
Responses to a 2001 religious survey were:
Christian (75%)
Protestants (60%)
Baptist (30%)
Methodist (15%)
Other Protestant / General Protestant (15%)
No Christian denomination (7%)
Roman Catholic (8%)
Nonreligious (13%)
A non-Christian religion (4%)
6% refused to answer.
Economy
Main article: Economy of West Virginia
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, West Virginia is the third lowest in per capita income, ahead of only Arkansas and Mississippi. It is also the last in median household income. The proportion of the adult population of West Virginia with a degree is the lowest in the U.S. at 17.3%.
West Virginia's GDP was $ 55.6B in 2006, which was an increase of 0.6% over 2005. This makes the growth rate for the lowest state of the 2nd in the nation, only ahead of Michigan. However, in 2008, West Virginia was one of only four U.S. states to have a state budget surplus, indicating the recovery economic growth.
One of the major resources in West Virginia's economy is coal. According to the Energy Information Administration, West Virginia coal is a high producer in the United States, second only to Wyoming. West Virginia produces oil and natural gas least. Almost all electricity generated in West Virginia is for coal-fired power plants. West Virginia produces a surplus of electricity and leads the nation in net electricity exports interstate. Agriculture is also practiced in West Virginia, but on a limited basis due to the mountainous terrain in much of the state.
bituminous coal seam in southwestern West Virginia
West Virginia personal income tax is based on federal adjusted gross income (not taxable), as amended by certain issues in the law West Virginia. Citizens pay taxes within five income brackets, ranging from 3.0 percent to 6.5 percent. The state consumer sales tax perceived by 6 percent. From January 1, 2004, the calculation of WV consumer sales tax has become a figure calculated from the support system, and remains at 6 percent for most goods (food goods are taxable at 3 percent). The tax calculation is performed to the third decimal place and rounded up when the third decimal is five (005) or higher, and similarly rounded down if the third place is four (0004) or less. Under this method, sales A total of $ 0.08 and below would not have a sales tax associated with them.
West Virginia counties administer and collect property taxes, although rates reflect property tax rates for state government, county governments, school boards and county municipalities. Counties may also impose a hotel occupancy tax on lodging places not located within the city limits of any municipality that levies the tax. Municipalities may levy license and gross receipts taxes on businesses located within the city limits and a hotel occupancy tax sites accommodation in the city. Although the Department of Tax and Revenue plays an important role in the administration of this tax, less than half of 1 percent of property tax proceeds go to the state government. The main beneficiaries of property tax are county boards of education. Property taxes are paid to sheriff each of 55 counties. Each county and municipality can impose its own rates of property taxes within the limits set by the Constitution of Virginia West. The West Virginia legislature sets the tax rate the county boards of education. This rate is used by all county boards of education throughout the state. However, the total tax rate to the county boards of education may differ from county to county because of excess levies. The Department of Taxation and Revenue supervises and otherwise assists counties and municipalities in their work of evaluating and determining the tax rate. The total tax rate is a combination of tax levies of the four state taxing authorities: state, county, and municipal schools. This total tax rate varies for each of the four classes of property, consisting personal property, real and intangible. The property is assessed in terms of their use, location and value from 1 July. All property is reassessed every three years; annual adjustments are made assessments of the property with a value change. West Virginia does not impose an inheritance tax. Due to the elimination of federal tax credit, West Virginia property taxes levied on property of persons who died from January 1, 2005.
Transport
A toll plaza West Virginia Turnpike.
The New River Gorge Bridge.
The Veterans Memorial Bridge, the new (Weirton-Steubenville Bridge) leads the U.S. 22 and is of similar design of the new bridge connecting Proctorville, Ohio (Ohio Route 7) in Huntington, West Virginia via U.S. 60.
Main article: Transportation in West Virginia
Roads are the backbone transport systems in West Virginia, with more than 37,300 miles of public roads in the state. Airports, railways, rivers and comprehensive modes West Virginia business. Commercial air travel is facilitated by airports in Charleston, Huntington, Morgantown, Beckley, Bluefield, Lewisburg, Bridgeport, Martinsburg, Wheeling, and Parkersburg. Cities like Charleston, Huntington, Clarksburg, Fairmont, Bluefield, and Logan have bus systems based public transit. Charleston also has a limited number of trams that run primarily through the center of the city. West Virginia University in Morgantown has the PRT (personal rapid transit) system, the state only single lane public transport system. Developed by Boeing, the WVU School of Engineering and the Department of Transportation, was a model for low-capacity light transport designed for smaller cities. It was also the model for the tram network in Disney World. Recreational opportunities abound in the transport of West Virginia, including hiking trails, rail trails, ATV biking trails, river rafting, and two tourist railroads (Cass Scenic Railroad, and the Potomac Eagle Scenic Railway).
West Virginia is crossed by several interstate highways. I-64 enters the state near White Sulphur Springs in the mountainous area to the east, and exits in western Kentucky, near Huntington. I-77 enters Virginia in the south, near Bluefields. It runs north past Parkersburg before that crosses Ohio. I-64 and I-77 merge on a stretch of toll highway known as the Turnpike West Virginia, whose construction began in 1952. It runs from just east of Charleston south to the exit of Princeton. I-68's western terminus is at Morgantown. From there it runs east to Maryland. In the terminal I-68 Morgantown, with the I-79 coming into Pennsylvania and extends to the state of its southern terminus in Charleston. I-70 runs through a brief West Virginia, crossing arm Regional north through Wheeling. I-81 also briefly runs through West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle, where it passes through Martinsburg.
As an interstate highway is currently under construction that will eventually extend from the I-79 near Weston, WV at least Wardensville, WV. The western section is complete in Kerens, West Virginia, but it is incomplete since there Moorefield, WV. It is unclear whether the road eventually will continue east past Wardensville the Virginia state line and ultimately connect to the I-81 just south of Winchester, Virginia.
Rail lines in the state that used to be more frequent, but many lines have been suspended owing to increased automobile traffic. Many old tracks have become rail routes for recreational use, and the state is being attended by a few commercial lines for hauling coal and by Amtrak. In 2006, Norfolk Southern along with the West Virginia and U.S. Government approved a plan to modify many of the rail tunnels in West Virginia, especially in the southern half of the state, to allow for double stacked cars (see transport intermodal freight). It is also expected to help generate economic growth in the southern half of the state.
Due to the nature of mountains throughout the state, Virginia West has several notable tunnels and bridges. The most famous of these is the New River Gorge Bridge, which was at once the longest steel bridge of one arch in the world with a span of 3031 feet (924 m). The bridge is also represented at the West Virginia quarter. Fort Steuben Bridge (Weirton-Steubenville Bridge) was once Construction of the three cable-stayed steel reinforcement beams in the United States. "The Veterans Memorial Bridge was designed to handle traffic from Fort Steuben Bridge and its own traffic load, "to quote the daily news paper Wierton Times. The 80-year-old Fort Steuben Bridge (Puente Weirton-Steubenville) was finally closed on 08 January 2009.
In March 2008, The American State Litter Scorecard, presented at the American Management Society Public national conferences, West Virginia qualified as a state worse than the national level for the disposal of garbage and debris from roads and public properties. The state has a mortality rate of over half of garbage and waste caused by vehicle accidents, in fact, deer insurance claims frequency is the most High in West Virginia, New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia, according to a report from Erie Insurance in single car accident.
Law and government
Article Home: Law and government of West Virginia
West Virginia's capital and seat of government is the city of Charleston, located in the southwest of the state.
Legislative Branch
For more information: West Virginia Legislature
The West Virginia Legislature is bicameral, consisting of the House of Delegates and the Senate. It legislator of a citizen, meaning that legislative office is not a full-time occupation, but a part-time position. Consequently, legislators often have Full time employment in their home community.
In general, the legislature is in period of 60 days between January and early April. The last day the regular session ends in a bewildering fury of last minute legislation in order to meet a deadline imposed by the Constitution of the midnight. During the rest of the year, monthly interim sessions are conducted in preparation for the regular session. Lawmakers also meet regularly for "special" sessions called by the governor.
Executive
Further information: List of Governors of West Virginia
The governor, elected every four years on the same day as the U.S. presidential election, is sworn in during the following January.
Governors of West Virginia can serve two consecutive terms but must sit for a term before serving a third term in office.
Judicial branch
More information: The Supreme Court of Appeals West Virginia
West Virginia is one of the thirteen states that does not have a death penalty.
For the purpose of courts of general jurisdiction, the state is divided into 31 judicial circuits. Each circuit is composed of one or more counties. Circuit judges are elected in partisan elections to serve eight year terms.
highest court of West Virginia is the Supreme Court of Appeals. The Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia is the busiest court appeal of its kind in the United States. West Virginia is one of 11 states with a single appellate court. The state constitution allows the creation of an intermediate court of appeals, but the Legislature did not create. The Supreme Court is composed of five judges elected in partisan elections to terms of 12 years.
West Virginia is a state Alcoholic Beverage Control. However, unlike most of these states, does not operate retail outlets, having exited that business in 1990. It retains a monopoly on wholesale distilled spirits only.
Policy
The State Capitol of West Virginia.
Main Article: West Virginia Politics
Statewide, West Virginia politics are largely dominated by the Democratic Party, with Democrats occupying currently the governorship, two Senate seats, two of the three seats in the House and both houses of the state legislature. West Virginia also has a tradition very strong union membership.
Evangelical Christians made up 52 percent of the state's voters in 2008. A survey in 2005 showed that 53 percent of West Virginia voters are in favor of life, the seventh highest in the country. In 2006, 16 percent in favor of gay marriage. In 2008 58 percent favored the withdrawal of troops from Iraq while only 32 percent want troops to stay. In fiscal policy in 2008, 52 percent said raising taxes wealthier individuals would benefit from the economy, while 45 percent disagreed.
Democratic politicians tend to be more conservative that the national party. Senator Robert Byrd opposes affirmative action and marriage between same sex. Gov. Joe Manchin and Congressmen Alan Mollohan and Nick Rahall are pro-life on the abortion issue. Although Junior Senator Jay Rockefeller and former governor still enjoys popularity in the state, having been reelected in 2008 with 63.7% of Feedback despite his political views are well to the left of many of his colleagues around the state.
In the Republican landslide of 1988 was one of ten states, and the only southern state (as defined by U.S. Census), to give their electoral votes to Michael Dukakis, who was one of only six states to support Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan in 1980, and supported Bill Clinton by a wide margin in 1992 and 1996. Moreover, the state has trended increasingly Republican in elections presidential despite Democratic victories in previous confrontations mentioned Presidential strictly elected, George W. Bush over Al Gore in 2000, reelected George W. Bush by a much larger margin in 2004 and voted for John McCain in 2008 by a similar margin in 2004.
The most consistent support for Democrats is in the mines coal in southern West Virginia (especially McDowell, Mingo, Logan, Wyoming, and Boone Counties), while Republicans are most numerous in the east Allegheny mountains, especially in the eastern state's Panhandle and Potomac Highlands. The Northern Panhandle and North Central West Virginia regions usually split by half in terms of being Republican or Democrat. Since 1996, coal interests have contributed more than $ 4 million to candidates for governor, the Supreme Court and the Legislature of West Virginia. The 2004 election was a record for the promoter of the coal industry. Gov. Joe Manchin received $ 571,214 from coal interests for his campaign and $ 174,500 for his inauguration. West Virginia for coal, the political action committee of the West Virginia Coal Association, contributed more money than any other coal industry donors.
For more information: Power party politics in West Virginia
State capital
Initially, the state capital was in Wheeling (1863-1870). It then moved to Charleston, a core of the city (1870-1875). However, it was returned to film in 1875, until the capital was burned in 1885. He moved to Charleston in 1885, and has been there ever since.
Important cities and towns
See also: List of cities in West Virginia, List of cities in West Virginia, List of villages in western Virginia, the list of census-designated places in West Virginia
Charleston is the largest city in West Virginia
Huntington
Parkersburg
Morgantown
Wheeling
Large cities
Charleston, 53,421 (2008 estimate: 50 302)
Huntington, 51 475 (2008 estimate: 49 185)
Parkersburg, 33,099 (2008 estimate: 31 611)
Morgantown, 26 809 (2008 estimate: 29 642)
Wheeling, 31,419 (2008 estimate: 28,913)
Fairmont, 19,097 (2008 estimate: 19 024)
Weirton, 20,411 (2008 estimate: 18 748)
Martinsburg, 14,972 (2008 estimate: 17 020)
Beckley, 17,254 (2008 estimate: 16 832)
Clarksburg, 16,743 (2008 estimate: 16 441)
South Charleston, 13 390 (2008 estimate: 12 427)
Teays Valley, 12,704 (2008 estimate: N / A)
Bluefield, 11 451 (2008 estimate: 11 093)
St. Albans, 11 567 (2008 estimate: 10 996)
Vienna, 10 861 (2008 estimate: 10 536)
Cross Lanes, 10 353 (2008 estimate: N / A)
Villages and small towns
Barboursville
Berkeley Springs
Bridgeport
Bruceton Mills
Buckhannon
Charles Town
Darkesville
Dunbar
Elkins
Falling Waters
Fayetteville
Farmington
Follansbee
Fort Gay
Grafton
Hamlin
Harpers Ferry
Hedgesville
Hinton
Inwood
Kenova
Keyser
Kingwood
Lewisburg
Logan
Madison
Mannington
Marlinton
Milton
Moorefield
Moundsville
Mount Hope
Mullens
New Martinsville
Nitre
Oak Hill
Paden City
Paw Paw
Petersburg
Philippi
Pleasant Valley
Point Pleasant
Princeton
Ranson
Ravenswood
Richwood
Ripley
Romney
Salem
Shepherdstown
Shinnston
Summersville
Wayne
Webster Springs
Welch
Wellsburg
Weirton
Weston
Westover
White Sulphur Springs
Williamson
Williamstown
Areas Metropolitan Statistical
Charleston, WV MSA
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA
Morgantown, WV MSA
Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, WV-OH MSA
-Steubenville Weirton, WV-OH MSA
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria DC-VA-MD-WV MSA
Winchester, VA-WV MSA
Micropolitan Statistical Areas
Beckley, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
Bluefield, WV-VA MSA
Clarksburg, WV MSA
Fairmont, WV MSA
Oak Hill, WV MSA
Point Pleasant, WV-OH MSA
Education
Main article: Education in West Virginia
Fairmont
Martinsburg
West Virginia has received low reading and math scores for eighth-grade level and ranked 51st in the rates of college education.
Colleges and universities
Further information: List of colleges and universities in West Virginia
Alderson-Broaddus College
Appalachian Bible College
Bethany College
Bluefield State College
Concord University
Davis and Elkins College
Fairmont State University
Glenville State College
Community Kanawha Valley Technical College
Marshall University
Mountain State University
Ohio Valley University
Salem International University
Shepherd University
University of Charleston
University of West Liberty
West Virginia Northern Community College
West Virginia School Osteopathic Medicine
West Virginia State University
West Virginia University
Potomac State College of West Virginia University
West Virginia University Institute of Technology
West Virginia University at Parkersburg
West Virginia Wesleyan College
Wheeling Jesuit University
South West Virginia Community and Technical College
Awards
West Virginia state insignia
Motto
Montani semper liberi (Latin, "Mountaineers are always free)
Slogan
"Wild and Wonderful
"Open for Business" (old)
"Almost Heaven" (old)
Bird
Northern Cardinal
(Cardinalis cardinalis)
Animal
Black Bear
(Ursus americanus)
Fish
Trout Creek
(Salvelinus fontinalis)
Insect
European honey bee
(Apis mellifera)
Flower
Rhododendron
(Rhododendron maximum)
Tree
Maple Sugar
(Acer saccharum)
Song
"West Virginia Hills"
"This is My West Virginia"
"West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home"
Quarter
Released in 2005
Butterfly
Monarch Butterfly
(Danaus plexippus)
Reptile
Timber Rattlesnake
(Crotalus horridus)
Wildflower
Fringed gentian
(Gentiana crinita)
Colors
Old Gold and Blue
Stone beautiful
Mississippi remains of fossil reefs
(Lithostrotionella)
Rock
Coal
Soil
Monongahela silt loam
Fruit
Golden Delicious Apple
(Malus domestica)
The state has a rich, lush beauty reflecting its temperate topography. Tourist sites include the New River Gorge Bridge, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park and numerous state parks. The Greenbrier hotel and resort, originally built in 1778, has been regarded as a premier hotel frequented by numerous world leaders and U.S. Presidents in recent years. West Virginia is also home to the Green Bank Telescope at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory.
A common story told of West Virginia is the folktale about how he got the nickname "West, By God, Virginia." According to Legend, a West Virginia native who was being introduced in the U.S. Army during the First World War (some versions make it as early as the Spanish Guerra de Cuba), was asked several times for his official induction, "What part of Virginia? And the soldier, finally tired of the confusion, said "It is not Virginia! West Virginia! West, by God, Virginia!". This story, whether true or not, has entered American folklore, and it is not uncommon to hear not only West Virginians, but other Americans, refer to the state as "West, By God, Virginia", or often as "West" By God " or sometimes simply as "Al-God." Many of West Virginia, while traveling out of state or abroad, enjoy paying homage to the legend, referring to his country home this way.
Culture
See also: Category: West Virginia culture
Music
Main article: Music of West Virginia
Appalachian music
Popular West Virginia heritage is a part of the tradition of Appalachian folk music, and includes styles of fiddling, singing ballads and other styles that are based on Scottish and Irish music. Camp Washington Carver, a Cultural Arts Center located at Clifftop Mountain County Fayette, hosts an annual Festival of Bands Appalachian chain. The Capitol Complex in Charleston hosts The Vandalia Gathering, where traditional musicians in Appalachia compete in contests and play in impromptu jam sessions and concerts at night during the weekend. Augusta Heritage Center sponsored by Davis & Elkins College in County Elkins Randolph presented annually at Augusta Heritage Festival which includes intensive one-week workshops in the summer are helping to preserve heritage of the Appalachians and traditions.
Classical music
The West Virginia Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1939 as the Charleston Civic Orchestra, before become the Charleston Symphony Orchestra in 1943. The first director was William R. Wiant, followed by the prominent conductor Antonio Modarelli, who was written into the agreement November 7, 1949 Time magazine for his composition of the River Saga, a six-section program piece about the Kanawha River in November of the Charleston Gazette in June, 1999 photo essay "Images of the 20th century." Before coming to Charleston, Modarelli had led the Wheeling Symphony Orchestra and the Philadelphia Orchestra, according to the orchestra website.
The Pulitzer Prize 20th century composer George Crumb was born in Charleston and obtained his Bachelor there before moving out of state. Also have a series of concerts in Wheeling operatic style mid-century also.
musical innovation
The West Virginia Cultural Center in Charleston is home to the West Virginia Division of Culture and History to help fund and coordinate a large number of musical activities. The Center is also home to Mountain stage, live performance of the internationally broadcast radio music program established in 1983. The program also travels to other places in the state as the University West Virginia Creative Arts Center in Morgantown.
The Center hosts concerts sponsored by the Friends of Old Time Music and Dance, which brings together a selection Acoustic roots music of West Virginia. The center also organizes the Festival of Dance in West Virginia, with classical and modern dance.
Theater Huntington's historic Keith-Albee was built by brothers AB and SJ Hyman, was opened on May 7, 1928, the headquarters of several of the performing arts and attractions musical. The theater was finally provided the Marshall University and is currently undergoing renovation to restore its original splendor.
Each summer hosts the Festival Elkins of the heritage of Augusta, which brings together popular musicians from around the world. The town of Glenville has long been home to the annual West Virginia State Folk Festival.
The Mountaineer Opera House in Milton has a variety of musical acts.
John Denver song "Take Me Home, Country Roads", describes the experience of driving through West Virginia. The Boston, Massachusetts band Big Wreck wrote a song entitled "West Virginia."
The Daily Mail Kanawha County Majorette and Festival of the band is West Virginia's longest music festival. Corresponds to the eight public high schools in Kanawha County. The festival began in 1947. It is held at the University of Charleston Stadium at Laidley Field in downtown Charleston. About the Author
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